What does a certified welding inspector (CWI) actually do?+
A CWI verifies that welding is performed to the applicable code. That means reviewing the WPS, PQR and welder qualifications before work starts, checking joint preparation and fit-up, monitoring essential variables such as preheat, interpass temperature and consumables during welding, and inspecting the completed weld visually against the code's acceptance criteria. The CWI also reviews NDE results and documents everything into the quality record.
What is the difference between welding inspection and NDT?+
Welding inspection is the broader activity — it covers documentation review, welder qualification, in-process monitoring and visual examination of the finished weld. NDT (non-destructive testing) is one set of examination methods used within that activity to look below the surface: radiography, ultrasonics, penetrant and magnetic particle testing. Visual inspection alone cannot find internal defects; NDT alone does not confirm the weld was produced by a qualified welder to a qualified procedure.
What is the difference between WPS and PQR?+
A Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) is the written instruction telling the welder how to make the weld — process, materials, joint design, position, preheat, electrical parameters. A Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) is the evidence that a test weld made to those variables was produced and mechanically tested with acceptable results. The PQR supports the WPS; a WPS without a valid supporting PQR should not be accepted for production welding.
Which NDT methods do you cover?+
Radiographic testing (RT), conventional ultrasonic testing (UT), phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT), liquid penetrant testing (PT) and magnetic particle testing (MT), plus visual testing (VT). We provide independent oversight and review of these examinations — procedure and personnel verification, witnessing and result interpretation — rather than competing with your NDT contractor.
When should RT be used instead of UT?+
It depends on the material, thickness, joint geometry and the code being applied. Radiography is generally better at detecting volumetric defects such as porosity and slag and produces a permanent image, while ultrasonics is generally better at detecting planar defects such as lack of fusion and cracks, and is preferred on thicker sections and where radiation safety or access is a constraint. Many specifications call for both on critical joints. The referencing code and project specification decide it, not preference.
How much welding needs to be inspected?+
The examination extent is set by the referencing code, the service criticality and the contract — it can range from a spot percentage of production welds to 100% examination on high-consequence joints. We agree the extent and the sampling rule in the ITP before fabrication starts, and escalate the extent when the rejection rate indicates a systemic problem rather than a one-off defect.
Do you provide welding inspectors to fabrication shops and sites?+
Yes. We mobilise CWI and ASNT-qualified personnel to fabrication shops, module yards, pipe spool facilities and construction sites, on either a resident basis for the duration of fabrication or a campaign basis around specific hold points and shipments.
Can you audit our existing NDT subcontractor?+
Yes. We assess the NDT contractor's written practice against ASNT SNT-TC-1A or the applicable scheme, review technician certification and eye-examination files, check equipment calibration and consumable control, verify written procedures against the referencing code, and sample-review issued reports for technical adequacy.